The flavor is fruity and similar to a 7 Pot chili pepper. The Carolina Reaper can grow to a height over 4 feet tall. It was bred in South Carolina and tested at over 2.2 Million Scoville Heat Units (with an aveerage of 1,641,000 SHU) by Winthrop University. Ed created this chili pepper plant variety by crossing a Pakistani Naga with a Red Habanero type from St Vincents Island in the West Indies. As of 2013 it was over 7 generations old. This is an extremely hot chili pepper developed by a grower named Ed Currie, and is currently the hottest pepper in the world. What is the Carolina Reaper Chili Pepper? With a Guinness-submitted 1,641,183 Scoville Heat Units (previously submitted as 1,569,383 SHU average and recently measured peak levels of over 2,200,000 SHU, SMOKIN’ ED’S CAROLINA REAPER® has officially completed its long journey to the top of “superhot” chili charts. Learn more about the Carolina Reaper here. NOTE: This story corrects a version published in the 2022 Whole Seed Catalog to reflect that Jim Duffy developed the Death Spiral pepper.The Carolina Reaper is currently the hottest pepper in the world, measuring over 2 Million Scoville Heat Units. The plants grow to over four feet tall, and the fruit shape and size may vary quite a bit. The flavor is floral and fruity, with an upfront burn that’s hotter than most Naga type peppers. Their ends are pointy, and they can develop tails as well. For example, a 2015 study in the British Medical Journal found that people who ate spicy food every day were less likely to die of cancer or diabetes.ĭeath Spiral peppers change color as they ripen, from light green to peach, then orange and finally red. Many people tout chili peppers’ overall health benefits, and some science seems to bear this out. ![]() Research shows that capsaicin holds promise in fighting certain kinds of cancer, including colon cancer and leukemia. The pharmaceutical industry has long used capsaicin in creams and liniments for pain relief. Aztec medicine treats toothache with a hot pepper pod and salt, a remedy that continues in some places today. Chilies have a long history of medicinal use in traditional Mayan medicine, capsicum peppers are a remedy for asthma, coughs and sore throat. The Death Spiral is relatively mild by comparison, clocking in on the Scoville scale at about 1.3 million.Īside from the culinary uses - and bragging rights - associated with super-hot peppers, they also hold value for the amount of capsaicin they produce. The Carolina Reaper retains its place at the top of the super-hot hierarchy, with a rating of 2.2 million Scoville units. High-performance liquid chromatography has replaced human tasters, making the measurement more precise and consistent. The greater the dilution, the higher the number of Scoville Heat Units. The Scoville Organoleptic test involved distilling dried chili pepper in alcohol, then diluting it in sugar water until trained testers couldn’t detect the heat. In 1912, an American pharmacy professor named Wilbur Scoville devised a way to measure the amount of heat-producing alkaloids in chilies. Researchers at New Mexico State University found that these peppers pack as much heat in their flesh as in their pith and seeds. Not so in super-hots like the Death Spiral. In most peppers, the capsaicin is concentrated in the seeds and pith, so removing them tames the heat. ![]() In its pure form, capsaicin is a yellowish liquid, and you can sometimes see the yellow veins in a pepper and guess how hot it will taste. The Death Spiral features a similar bumpy, wrinkly skin, but the calyx - where the stem joins the pod - remains green, unlike on the Naga Bubblegum Red.Ĭhilies get their heat from the alkaloid compound capsaicin. Duffy named and released the Death Spiral pepper after the 2017 growout. He saved the seeds, grew them in isolation to prevent cross pollination, and achieved the same results in several generations. ![]() Jim Duffy of Refining Fire Chilesnoticed a variant of the Naga Bubblegum Red chili (the seeds of which he received from English grower Terry Smith) growing among his plants in 2016. The Death Spiral, also known as Death Pepper, is a member of the Capsicum chinense family, and it’s a fairly new arrival on the super-hot scene. Today’s super-hot varieties like the Carolina Reaper, Devil’s Tongue and Trinidad Scorpion throw down their names like a dare. ![]() Christopher Columbus took them back to Spain in 1493, but it was Portuguese explorers who planted the worldwide spread of chilies when they carried seeds from Brazil to India a few years after Columbus. Chili peppers are a global crop with roots in the ancient world of the Americas.
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